高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术进展

介绍了工业级过氧化氢中有机物杂质的来源,综述了高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术研究进展,包括精馏、吸附、离子交换树脂、溶剂萃取、结晶、膜分离技术以及这些技术的组合净化技术。精馏净化产品纯度不高,但技术成熟,可工业放大;膜分离净化技术较安全,但膜的寿命短;吸附树脂工艺简单、净化效率高,但树脂易被氧化。指出以精馏为前净化技术,再与膜分离、树脂吸附相结合是有机碳杂质去除技术的发展趋势。     

SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成草酸二异戊酯的研究

以SO2-4-/TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂,由草酸和异戊醇为原料合成了草酸二异戊酯,考察了催化剂活化温度、原料配比和催化剂用量对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性.结果表明,SO2-4-TiO2固体超强酸催化活性高、催化速率快、化学稳定性好,重复使用性佳、无环境污染;在最佳反应条件下,草酸二异戊酯收率达到99.7%,产品的质量分数都达到99.9%以上.     

杂原子MCM-41分子筛的合成及对环己烷氧化的研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,水玻璃为硅源,在合成过程分别加入Cr3+、Co2+、Fe3+杂原子,在150℃晶化48h,水热合成了Cr-MCM-41、Co-MCM-41、Fe-MCM-41等杂原子分子筛。考察了时间、温度、催化剂用量、过氧化氢用量及催化剂再生等因素对环己烷氧化反应的影响。最佳反应条件为:温度100℃;环己烷30mmol,Cr-MCM-41为催化剂,用量0 12g;n(H2O2)/n(C6H12)=1;反应时间16h,环己烷的转化率可达28 6%,产物的酮醇摩尔比为1 89。     

Synthesis and properties of polyimides derived from cis- and trans-1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydrides

Cis-1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA) was synthesized. It was found that under such conditions as heating or boiling in acetic anhydride, cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA could be converted to its trans-isomer. The process of thermal isomerization was monitored by ¹H NMR spectra and the mechanism of conversion was proposed. Their absolute structures of cis- and trans-1,2,3,4-CHDAs were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The polycondensations of cis- and trans-1,2,3,4-CHDAs with aromatic diamines such as 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DMMDA), 4,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (TPEQ), 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP) were studied. It is easy to obtain higher molecular weight polyimides from trans-1,2,3,4-CHDA using conventional one-step or two-step methods. However, higher molecular weight polyimides derived from cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA could not be prepared by the usual methods (solid content ca. 10%) owing to the trend of forming cyclic oligomers. Increasing the concentration of monomers could give higher molecular weight cis-polymers. All of the cis-polyimides were soluble at room temperature in aprotic polar solvents and phenolic solvents and some of them even soluble in chloroform and tetrahydrofuran, while the corresponding trans-polymers showed poor solubility as compared to cis-polymers. All of the polyimides showed good thermal stability with the 5% weight loss temperatures in air over 415 °C. Furthermore, polyimides derived from cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA have higher glass transition temperatures (T_gs) than corresponding trans-polyimides. The flexible polyimide films possessed a tensile modulus range of 2.1-3.6 GPa, a tensile strength range of 42-116 MPa, an elongation at break of 4-18%. These polyimides exhibited cutoffs at wavelengths around 270 nm and were entirely colorless. All the polyimides showed amorphous pattern according to Wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements. The differences of polymerization and properties were explained by the structural changes resulted from isomerism.     

基于模型的子空间聚类与时间段蚁群算法的合同生产批量调度方法

针对目前冷轧薄板厂生产流程复杂、大量的多品种小批量合同并线生产,导致难以制定生产计划的问题,本文提出了混合模型子空间聚类（Subspace clustering mixed model,SCMM）方法,以合同中待加工钢卷的宽度、冷轧机组的入口厚度、 出口厚度以及合同的交货期为约束,对待生产合同进行组批. 依据冷轧厂实际生产过程,将冷轧机组视为核心节点,考虑准时交货、 在制品库存和生产流向产能分配的要求,对组批后的生产合同建立全流程合同计划模型,并且利用提出的时间段蚁群算法（Time-section ant colony optimization,TSA）,制定合同计划.利用生产过程的实际数据测试,本文的方法优于人工排产,可以满足制定冷轧薄板全流程生产计划的要求.     

催化裂化汽油改质降烯烃反应规律及反应热

利用催化裂化催化剂在小型固定流化床实验装置上对催化裂化汽油催化改质降烯烃过程的反应规律进行了实验研究，详细考察了反应温度、剂油比和重时空速对产物收率和汽油辛烷值的影响，得到了催化裂化汽油改质过程的最佳实验操作条件：反应温度为400～430℃，剂油比为7左右，重时空速为20～30 h-1。在此基础上，计算了汽油改质过程的反应热，分析了反应条件对反应热的影响，揭示了反应热的变化规律。结果表明，低温改质为放热过程，高温改质为吸热过程。改质条件对反应热影响的强弱顺序为反应温度>剂油比>重时空速。     

离子交换膜间水的电离及其应用

本文通过分析纯水的电离,讨论了普通电渗析(ED)和填充床电渗析(EDI)中水的电离现象及其相关 机理。EDI过程中水电离产生的H+和OH-离子可以自再生离子交换树脂。文中简单介绍了已得到产业化的EDI 技术和正在推广中的离子交换树脂的电再生技术。     

合成对叔丁基酚的新催化工艺

用氢氧化铁焙烧制成的活性氧化铁作烷基化催化剂，从苯酚和叔丁基氯合成了对叔丁基酚。实验结果表明：该催化工艺方便迅速，１．５ｈ内合成产率可达到７２．３％。     

鲁奇甲醇生产装置数学模拟和工况分析——(Ⅰ)鲁奇副产蒸汽管壳型甲醇合成塔

以一氧化碳加氢和二氧化碳加氢为独立反应、甲醇和二氧化碳为关键组分,建立了鲁奇副产蒸汽管壳型甲醇合成塔催化床的一维拟均相数学模型,并求得管内各组分气体浓度和温度分布。讨论了不同操作条件对出口甲醇浓度和产量的影响。由于管外副产4.0MPa 的蒸汽,床层温度平稳。